- Essays··14 min read
Sunday Essay — The School Link Brazil Paid For Once
Brazil has connected its public schools in the right order: infrastructure first, pedagogical rules second, AI tools held back on purpose. What the sequence cannot survive is a funding model built on a one-off spectrum windfall — once construction contracts end, no recurring budget line pays the monthly bill for a rural satellite terminal. The programme's own administrator has said, on the record, that continuity is his main concern.
brazil-educationschool-connectivityai-in-educationinfrastructure-fundingRead - Essays··9 min read
The Four Boxes Every Assessment Now Needs
Manchester's four-category AI assessment framework—Prohibited through Integrated—does not standardise what universities think about AI in assessment. It standardises the disclosure. What changed in September 2026 was that an implicit and often unspoken assumption buried in every syllabus became a mandatory, published decision visible to every student before they submitted. For a sizeable number of academics, classifying their assessments was the first time they had been asked what those assessments were actually measuring.
ai-in-educationassessment-policyhigher-educationacademic-integrityRead - Essays··8 min read
The Feedback That Ships Without the Grade
Google Classroom’s Gemini integration shipped on time — and that was the constraint that mattered. This piece examines what the product team chose to leave out: multilingual feedback, audit logs, automated grading — each absent feature a resourcing decision, not a capability gap. The bill arrives when schools discover the tool live, teachers unprepared, and no safeguarding audit layer in place.
ai-in-educationedtechproduct-decisionsgoogle-classroomRead - Essays··8 min read
Cite Your Sources, Class Three: India's Classroom AI and the Retrieval Pattern It Almost Deploys
India is installing, at national scale, a curriculum-grounded retrieval-augmented tutor: CBSE mandating AI from Class 3 upward, SATHEE running in twelve Indian languages, a target of 1 million trained teachers by 2027. The retrieval architecture is the right one. What is missing from every deployment surveyed here is the teach-versus-solve evaluation loop: the independent, automated check that determines whether the system taught a concept or merely answered correctly.
indiaai-in-educationretrieval-augmented-generationpedagogyRead - Essays··7 min read
What Purdue Required, Estonia Already Built
America is writing AI-competency requirements into degree audits without a defensible idea of what competent looks like. Estonia attached the measurement. The press release is not the part that will hold up in 2030.
ai-in-educationmeasurementpolicyestoniaRead - Essays··8 min read
Brussels spent one fortnight telling teachers to use AI, and to be careful it isn't illegal
Inside thirteen days Brussels told teachers to adopt AI, delayed the rules governing the riskiest classroom uses, and only then began explaining what those rules mean. Three workstreams, one fortnight, no shared calendar.
eu-ai-actai-in-educationhigh-risk-classificationai-literacyRead