Essays··14 min read
Sunday Essay — The Case File and the Second Pair of Eyes
ABN AMRO's €180 million disgorgement in 2021 was calculated from the compliance staff the bank had not hired — a price set on a missing second pair of eyes. Its October 2026 agent pilot raises the same question: when software builds a case file, who checks it? The answer requires both an architecture that separates inferences from direct reads and a live measurement — seeded defective files, counted per queue — to prove the control is real.
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