- Essays··12 min read
The Orphan Line Item
The EU AI Act's high-risk AI obligations became enforceable in August 2026 with no harmonised standards published and almost no notified bodies designated — the infrastructure the regulation assumed would exist. What arrives instead is a bill finance did not forecast: third-party conformity assessment at €50,000–150,000 per system, months-long queues for notified-body slots, and recurring annual costs at 20–40% of initial spend. The compliance deadline has moved; the invoice has not.
eu-ai-actregulatory-compliancenotified-bodiesconformity-assessmentRead - Essays··8 min read
Riyadh Re, the Cession Ladder, and the Actuarial Weight of a Guidance Note
Saudi Arabia's mandatory cession ladder reached 30% in January 2025; the UAE Central Bank's Guidance Note on responsible AI followed in February. Together they define what the AI story in Gulf insurance actually costs. A domestic reinsurance mandate sits on one side and a documented compliance overhead on the other: annual bias testing, Arabic-language disclosure, mandatory human review at the decision point. The vendor deck prices neither.
gulf-insurancereinsuranceai-governancesaudi-arabiaRead